The QI File

Attribute index · ownership note

Independent, as the parent field is written

This list is mechanical: the firm’s sourced parent field begins with the word Independent (for example “Independent / unpublished” or “Independent / family-owned”). It is not a finding that the firm has no affiliates, and it is not a claim that independent QIs are safer or less safe thaninstitutionally ownedfirms. Empty parent fields are omitted — that is unknown ownership, not a hidden independent badge. A parent logo still does not answer account title or who can wire.

Ownership language is copied from cited pages. We do not invent a private-equity or family tree behind a blank.

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